What is Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction? vascular health disease heart chest
By Hidaya Aliouche, B.Sc.Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. The structure of the endothelium and the onset of microvascular endothelial dysfunctionThe relationship between microvascular and macrovascular endothelial dysfunctionThe structure of the endothelium and the onset of microvascular endothelial dysfunction The endothelium is composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. It functions as a selective barrier that separates blood content from the interstitial compartments.
Dysfunction occurs after endothelial activation, during which the expression of endothelial cell surface adhesions molecules such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 , intercellular adhesion molecule 1 , and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule occurs. The induction of endothelial cell activation occurs via the action of proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF and IL-6; this causes the recruitment of circulating leukocytes.
The relationship between microvascular and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction There is a weak correlation between microvascular and macrovascular endothelial dysfunction in the general population, suggesting that both dysfunctions arise through unique pathological mechanisms and play a distinct role in determining the cause of vascular disease.
In the microvasculature, endothelial cells play a more critical role in leukocyte trafficking and inflammation. The microvasculature also covers a substantially larger area, i.e., 261,337 cm² in the arterioles and 879,989 cm² in the venules vs. 156 cm² in the aorta and 3,333 cm² in the larger arteries.
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