Pediatric invasive group A Streptococcal infections on the rise during respiratory virus outbreak Virology Streptococcal ClinicalMedicine InfectiousDiseases Medicine Health OFIDJournal IDSAInfo
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaApr 12 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study published in the journal Open Forum Infectious Diseases, researchers performed an interrupted time-series-type analysis to assess the incidence of invasive Group A streptococcal infections among children, with associated risk factors, molecular and clinical characteristics, before and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
Varicella zoster virus co-infections and the use of non-steroidal-type of anti-inflammatory drugs elevate the risk of pediatric invasive GAS infections. Additionally, recent studies have reported an association between respiratory viral infections and iGAS. The study comprised pediatric individuals below 18 years of age who were hospitalized at the Robert Debré University tertiary care hospital in France due to iGAS infections between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2022. Infections were detected using polymerase chain reaction or culture among streptococcal-TSS or necrotizing fasciitis patients, according to the United States working group for severe-type infections caused by Streptococci.
Respiratory infections included those caused by the respiratory syncytial virus , adenovirus, influenza virus, parainfluenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 , and metapneumovirus. The study periods included the pre-COVID-19-associated non-pharmaceutical intervention period between January 2008 and March 2020, the NPI period between April 2020 and April 2021, and the NPI-relaxation period between May 2021 and December 2022.
During the final three months, 60% tested positive for respiratory viruses through nasopharyngeal viral swab-PCR, rising to 100% for pleural cavity empyema. During the pre-NPI period, the main clinical presentations comprised osteoarticular infections , TSS/bacteremia , pleural cavity empyema , and cutaneous infections .
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