Antioxidant-rich phenolic compounds: A key to disease prevention, gut health, and brain homeostasis Phenol Polyphenol antioxidant gut microbiota Nutrients_MDPI
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaApr 10 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Dietary phenols are phytochemicals comprising flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanonols, isoflavones, anthocyanidins, stilbenoids, lignans, tannins, and curcuminoids. These compounds, obtained from various natural sources, can be used to prevent and manage diseases in conjunction with the intestinal microbiome.
Quercetin and epicatechin decrease atherosclerosis by augmenting nitric oxide activity and decreasing serological endothelin-1 levels. Quercetin, which can be obtained from red onion or grape powder, may reduce obesity and adipocyte macrophage-mediated insulin resistance by adipose tissue remodeling.
In Alzheimer’s disease, epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate decrease amyloid-β accumulation, microglial inflammation, reactive oxygen species production, and neurotoxicity. Cocoa extracts decrease amyloid-β oligomerization. In addition, EGCG protects microglia by nuclear factor kappa B pathway inhibition and nuclear factor-like 2/heme oxygenase 1 pathway activation.
Resveratrol, obtained from red wine, lowers amyloid-β1-42 peptide-associated cytotoxicity, regulates α-synuclein expression, and inhibits platelet reactivity. Grape seed oil has wound-healing, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective properties and can lower blood TG content.
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