How the genome is packed into chromosomes that can be faithfully moved during cell division. Scientists discovered a molecular mechanism that confers special physical properties to chromosomes in dividing human cells to enable their faithful transport to the progeny. The research team showed how
Organization of mitotic chromosomes and spindle microtubules at an early phase of cell division. Shortly after what’s shown in the image, the microtubules will invade the nuclear space. However, chromatin compaction regulated by histone acetylation will prevent the perforation of the chromosomes by microtubules.
The scientists varied the levels of condensin and histone acetylation to study their precise effects. Removing condensin disrupted the elongated shape of chromosomes in dividing cells and lowered their resistance to pulling forces but did not affect their level of compaction. Combining condensin depletion with a treatment that increases the levels of histone acetylation caused massive chromatin decompaction in dividing cells, and perforation of chromosomes by microtubules.
With further experiments involving pure chromatin that was reconstituted in vitro, and by probing chromatin access by various soluble macromolecules, the researchers discovered that immiscible chromatin forms a structure dense in negative charge that excludes negatively charged macromolecules and microtubules.
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