We Finally Know How Black Holes Produce The Most Brilliant Light in The Universe

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We Finally Know How Black Holes Produce The Most Brilliant Light in The Universe
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For something that emits no light that we can detect, black holes just love to cloak themselves in radiance.

Some of the brightest light in the Universe comes from supermassive black holes, in fact. Well, not actually the black holes themselves; it's the material around them as they actively slurp down vast amounts of matter from their immediate surroundings.

Most of the galaxies in the Universe are built around a supermassive black hole. These mind-bogglingly large objects sit in the galactic center, sometimes doing very little and sometimes doing a lot. For a galaxy to be classified as a blazar, these jets have to be almost directly pointed toward the viewer. That's us, on Earth. Thanks to extreme particle acceleration, they blaze with light across the electromagnetic spectrum, including high-energy gamma- and X-rays.

An illustration showing IXPE observing Markarian 501, with light losing energy as it moves farther from the shock front. However, the direction of the polarization was the same for all wavelengths and aligned with the direction of the jet. This, the team found, is consistent with models in which shocks in the jets produce shockwaves that provide additional acceleration along the length of the jet. Closest to the shock, this acceleration is at its highest, producing X-radiation. Farther along the jet, the particles lose energy, producing lower-energy optical and then radio emission, with lower polarization.

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