Research led by a team at Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, has found alarmingly active swine flu reservoirs in South East Asia. Their study traced the evolutionary origin of these viruses and identified migration patterns.
, the team details the co-circulation of multiple swine influenza lineages in Cambodian pig populations, including diverse reassortant viruses and their genetic origins.
Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse lineages of H1 in circulation within Cambodia, with most H1 and N1 sequences being derivatives of the human H1N1/pdm09 lineage. H3 influenza subtypes were found in 22.2% of the samples, often co-infecting with H1N1/pdm09 viruses. From an epidemiologist's perspective, this introduction should have been noticed over a decade ago in order to be able to react to an outbreak or jump to humans. This requires systematic surveillance of swine influenza viruses, which is not taking place in Southeast Asia and has limited compliance in many nations.
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