Study suggests SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in pregnancy induces diverging maternal and infant cord antibody functions biorxivpreprint UTSWNews OHSUNews SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid antibody vaccination pregnancy maternal
By Bhavana KunkalikarMay 4 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers explored the differences in infant and maternal cord antibody functions between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and vaccination during pregnancy.
Immunoglobulin -G antibodies are the primary mechanism for immunity transfer to the fetus after messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination. Understanding the variety of IgG-mediated functions within the fetus can help us develop strategies to utilize maternal immunity for safeguarding the infant. The study analyzed the Fc effector functions triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination, specifically focusing on antibody-dependent natural killer cell activation , antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity , antibody-dependent complement deposition , and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis . The study measured SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 to identify vaccine-induced antibodies.
Related StoriesIndividuals who received mRNA vaccination showed higher cord-neutralizing activities against live SARS-CoV-2 than those with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, there were no significant changes observed against SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants through focus reduction neutralization tests . Vaccination during pregnancy leads to greater cord-neutralizing activity than only being infected, providing better protection against future challenges from the same viral strain.
The enhanced magnitude of RBD IgG1 was observed in cord samples, while there were no variations in control influenza-specific IgG. Minimal detection of RBD IgA and IgM was observed. Maternal vaccination is associated with increased levels of RBD IgG, particularly IgG1. The levels of RBD IgA and IgM showed an increase after vaccination, but no significant differences were observed.
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