In today’s newsletter, we explore whether galaxies can survive without dark matter, spy on the world of owls, and explain the complexities of animal camouflage
Imagine you met someone who was walking and going about their life—and then you found out they had no bones. That’s essentially the mystery astronomers are trying to solve with a pair of galaxies called DF2 and DF4. By most accounts, these dim, puffy collections of stars should not exist—because neither of them has any dark matter.
Scientists in the late 1960s figured out that dark matter acts as a kind of gravitational glue, keeping stars on the edges of whirling galaxies from flying off into space. Since then, evidence has accumulated that dark matter is also a larger cosmic scaffolding, helping matter clump into stars, stars gather into galaxies, and galaxies converge into clusters. So when Yale’s found galaxies without this essential ingredient, he knew he’d stumbled on a massive mystery.
Now, using data from the Hubble Space Telescope to run new computer simulations, van Dokkum and his colleagues think they may have cracked the case: These oddities are the remnants of a high-speed collision between two much larger galaxies. When the two giants smashed into each other, they say, their dark matter kept on flying while their visible matter ended up in a hot, high-pressure heap, ultimately forming a string of smaller dark matter-deficient galaxies.
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