Why would eye movement help someone better cope with trauma? Here's what we know about eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, or EMDR, according to BenceNanay
We also know that episodic memory is constructive: Remembering an event we have experienced is not the mere accessing of the memory trace, but the active construction of a memory. So recalling a memory is not like taking it out of a box and then, when you're done with it, putting it back where you found it. The very act of remembering changes the memory trace. In short, remembering an event changes the way it is encoded, so next time you will remember it differently.
If we put these three pieces together, it explains why EMDR works the way it does. When the subject recalls the traumatic event while moving their eyes, this reduces the vividness of the mental imagery involved in that episodic memory, given that incongruous eye movement reduces the vividness of mental imagery. And because the very act of remembering an event changes its representation in memory, when this memory gets re-encoded, it will be encoded in a less vivid manner.
So EMDR is not a pseudo-scientific fad. There are clear reasons why it works, but these come from different corners of psychological research. And understanding these reasons can help us to improve this already effective way of treating a wide range of trauma-related problems.
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