Alzheimer's risk patients may benefit from Mediterranean keto diet, study shows gut microbiome changes Diet Microbiome Alzheimers Disease Apolipoprotein Gut KetoDiet alzassociation UCSanDiego MayoClinic
Study: Effects of a ketogenic and low-fat diet on the human metabolome, microbiome, and foodome in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Image Credit: Yulia Furman / Shutterstock
Bile acids are responsible for cholesterol elimination in the brain, accumulation of which could lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a liver disease that increases the risk of developing AD. Since gut microbiota transforms bile acids, it is another fascinating area in AD research. The unifying thread between the gut microbiome, neurocognitive status, and metabolic disorders is their connection with diet.
In the present study, researchers used shotgun metagenomic sequencing and metabolomics to study the same patient samples used in the previous trial. It helped them further characterize the complex relationship between diet, cognitive status, and the gut microbiome and metabolome of MCI patients and cognitively normal individuals. They extracted deoxyribonucleic acid for metagenomic sequencing and metabolites for untargeted tandem mass spectrometry analysis.
Results The study cohort comprised 23 adult participants, of which 20 completed the full intervention. The authors found a higher relative abundance of Akkermansia sp. on the MMKD than the AHAD and a similar surge in relative abundance of Dialister and Bacteriodes sp. in CN vs. MCI groups. Additionally, they detected that many subspecies of Akkermansia muciniphila were enriched on the MMKD but not AHAD.
The direct implications of these gut changes on the central nervous system remain unclear. Future studies assessing the microbiome in patients with cognitive impairment and modification by intervention are needed. Clearly, GABA dysfunction in the gut and brain likely occurs differently, especially during the earlier AD stages examined in this study.
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