Fossilized human remains, weathered by the elements and fragmented by earthly processes, are often missing body parts.
to salvage fragile lives, the team has been marveling at the skills of the people who performed the operation, tens of thousands of years earlier than previously recorded – long before Western societies, who only managed to safely master such medical feats in the past 100 years or so.
As they report in their paper, the surgeon or team of practitioners must have had detailed knowledge of human anatomy, hygiene, and the body's circulatory systems to be able to navigate the veins, blood vessels, and nerves, amputate the foot, and prevent fatal blood loss and infection.
Tell-tale bony growths indicative of bone healing are what the researchers used to infer that the amputation likely occurred when the individual was a child, and they found no skeletal signs of infections where the leg bone was sliced clean across.
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