In 1948, two Harvard professors surmised that a rare name had a negative psychological effect on its bearer. Were they right?
However, it may not be the case that name effects don’t exist; perhaps they just need to be reinterpreted., the economists Marianne Bertrand and Sendhil Mullainathan created five thousand résumés in response to job ads posted in the classifieds in Chicago and Boston newspapers.
The effects of name-signalling—what names say about ethnicity, religion, social sphere, and socioeconomic background—may begin long before someone enters the workforce. In a study of children in a Florida school district, conducted between 1994 and 2001, the economist David Figliothat a child’s name influenced how he or she was treated by the teacher, and that differential treatment, in turn, translated to test scores.
In the 1948 study, the majority of the uncommon names happened to be last names used as first names—a common practice among upper-class white families at the time. Those names, too, served as a signal, but in this case as one of privilege and entitlement—perhaps their unsuccessful bearers thought that they could get by without much work, or that they could expose neuroses that they would otherwise try to hide.
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