New images from a Sun-orbiting spacecraft may explain strange phenomena within the Sun’s atmosphere that have puzzled solar physicists for decades.
The data—released yesterday from the European Space Agency’s Solar Orbiter—shed literal light on shifts in the Sun’s magnetic field known as switchbacks. They could even help explain other solar oddities, such as why the solar wind blows at two different speeds.
But scientists don’t fully understand many aspects of the solar wind, such as where it originates and why it blows at two distinct speeds. Two spacecraft circling close to the Sun aim to clarify these and other questions: NASA’s Parker Solar Probe, named for Eugene Parker, an American physicist who correctly predicted the existence of the solar wind in 1958, and the Solar Orbiter.
The Sun’s magnetic field mostly consists of closed loops of magnetism that arc off its surface before curving back. Less commonly, some magnetic field lines, known as open field lines, stream straight out into space. These are thought to accelerate the Sun’s ejecting plasma, generating the solar wind’s fastest gales, traveling about 800 kilometers per second.
Telloni sent Zank the images, and the duo confirmed they matched predictions for the magnetic field’s whip-cracking behavior. The results strongly suggest
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