A brief history of the camera.
The very first camera was the camera obscura, which humans discovered thousands of years ago. It is simply the phenomenon in which a darkened space with a tiny hole on one side will have the outside world projected into the space opposite the hole.
A 13th century illustration by medieval English philosopher Roger Bacon showing light being refracted by a spherical glass container filled with water. By the early 18th century, light-sensitive materials were beginning to be used in experiments that could record imagery in black and white. Johann Heinrich Schulze discovered that silver nitrate compounds darkened in sunlight, a critical step that led to film photography.
In 1826, Niépce’s first heliograph was able to record a lithograph on stone. An 1827 heliograph on a pewter plate still survives and is considered to be the oldest surviving photograph of a real-world scene. Since the process has been estimated to require eight hours or more of exposure, the results were not as crisp as later techniques.The First Publicly Available Camera
Instead of collecting the picture in one step, a three-color process for capturing a color was invented by James Clerk Maxwell in 1955. By using red, green, and blue filters, it was proposed that three monochrome separations could be combined to create a single color image. In 1861, Thomas Sutton took the first color photograph of a tartan bow using Maxwell’s method.
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