What is the association of pneumococcal carriage with SARS-CoV-2 infection? medrxivpreprint UCBerkeley YaleSPH SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid infection
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanOct 12 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, a team of researchers explored the association between Streptococcus pneumoniae and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the upper respiratory tracts of coronavirus disease 2019 positive individuals.
Studies in the UK found a three-fold increase in the likelihood of pneumococcal presence in the saliva of COVID-19 patients. Concurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections with invasive pneumococcal disease were also associated with increased mortality. A study in the United States also found that the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine decreased the severity of COVID-19. However, the interactions between pneumococcal carriage and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections need to be explored further.
Transcription-mediated amplification assay of oropharyngeal swabs was used to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infections. Cycle threshold values from qPCR assays of SARS-CoV-2 structural envelope protein and nucleocapsid genes were used to determine viral abundance. The study included 564 participants from outpatient clinics and 714 from mobile outreach facilities. Pneumococci were detected in 9.2% of participants across the two groups, and SARS-CoV-2 infections were detected in 27.4% of these pneumococcal carriers. In comparison, only 9.6% of the non-carriers had SARS-CoV-2 infections.
The authors discussed some of the limitations of the study. Firstly, since the participants were largely farmworkers from low-income communities, the results can not be generalized to the rest of the population. Furthermore, social interactions and factors such as participants living or working together were not considered, and it could influence exposure assessments.
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