A research group led by Professor Emeritus Michio Homma (he, him) and Professor Seiji Kojima (he, him) of the Graduate School of Science at Nagoya University, in collaboration with Osaka University and Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, have made new insights into how locomotion occurs in bacteria.
" of bacteria, and revealed its role in the organism. These findings suggest ways in which future engineers could build nanomachines with full control over their movements. They published the study inAs nanomachines become smaller, researchers are taking inspiration from microscopic organisms for ways to make them move and operate. In particular, the flagellar motor can rotate clockwise and counterclockwise at a speed of 20,000 rpm.
The flagellar motors in bacteria have a rotor and a stationary component that surrounds it, known as the stator. If the flagellum was a part of a car, the stator would be the engine. The rotation of the stator is transmitted to the rotor like a gear, causing the rotor to rotate. Depending on the rotation, the bacterium moves forward or backward, like an automatic car with reverse and drive settings.
Inside the C ring, the FliG molecule acts like the clutch, switching from forward to backward movement. Like a car, the parts must work together. The slightest change can affect the motor. In the flagellar motor, these tiny changes are mutations. Homma's group studied the G215A mutant in FliG, which causes clockwise permanent rotation of the motor, and compared it with the non-mutated form that can move in both forward and backward directions.
When they tested the G215A mutant of the marine organism Vibrio alginolyticus, they found that this clockwise motion was because of changes in FliG and the interaction of water molecules around the protein. They also saw these changes in the normal form when it rotated clockwise. However, these differed from those seen when it rotated anticlockwise.
"The flagellar motor rotates in both directions: clockwise to move backward and counterclockwise to move forward," said Homma."In this study, we found that the structure of FliG and the interaction of water molecules around it are different when the motor moves clockwise and counterclockwise.
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