'These are times of major changes in the environment, and how those changes impact the organisms is relevant to understanding our current environment and environmental changes.' During periods of environmental disturbance, how do communities of organisms react? If entire species become extinct, d
Brachiopod fossils from a prehistoric mass extinction offer us insights into biodiversity and evolution.
“The name ‘mass extinction events’ captures people’s attention. These are times of major changes in the environment, and how those changes impact the organisms is relevant to understanding our current environment and environmental changes,” says Brisson. “A niche space is an environment where an organism lives, in this case, the level of substrate disturbance and where along the depth profile the organisms most comfortable with,” says Brisson.
After painstakingly identifying around 20,000 brachiopod fossils and analyzing their preferences across the depth gradient, Brisson assembled a dataset and used non-metric multi-dimensional scaling to see where different species were grouped across the stratigraphic range over time to interpret how the organisms responded before and after the mass extinction event. Brisson says the results were a bit of a surprise.
“As a rule, however, we’re seeing niche conservatism in this region. In cases where you might see niche evolution in the rock record, there may have been different pressures on the organisms. I think leaving that question open is important because there are many different selective pressures and not all selective pressures can be applied to every situation.”
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