On June 30, 1520, the Aztecs drove Hernán Cortés and his invading army out of their capital Tenochtitlan—an event that came to be known as 'La Noche Triste' or 'Sad Night.'
The bar is a"key piece" in the puzzle of this historical event, said Leonardo López Luján, director of the Templo Mayor Project —an INAH archaeological initiative which is excavating Tenochtitlan's main temple complex.
According to Luján, the location that the gold bar was found in corresponds to that of the Aztec Toltecaacaloco Canal, which Cortés and his men used to make their escape. Its characteristics closely match those of gold bars which are referred to in historical sources describing the event. "The so-called 'Noche Triste' is among the episodes of the conquest that will be remembered this year, and there is only one piece of material evidence from it: a gold bar that sank 500 years ago in the canals of Tenochtitlan, and which recent analysis confirms came from the [Spaniards'] flight," an INAH statement read.
Then in June 1520, Cortés learned that Governor Velázquez of Cuba had sent a large group of men to arrest him for insubordination—his mission to Mexico had not been officially sanctioned.
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