If the discovery bears out, “it would be a new [technique] that has not previously been described to maintain body temperature.”
. Scalloped hammerhead sharks close their gills and their mouths as they dive, the team believes. The maneuver shuts off their oxygen intake, but also prevents their body heat from escaping into the ocean.
Some deep-sea fish, such as tuna and lamnid sharks, a family of large and speedy sharks, are partially warm blooded; they can divert body heat to specific organs even in icy temps. But the scalloped hammerhead—one of the larger hammerhead species, named for its rippled crown—has no such plumbing. Every time it dives deep, its environment chills more than 20°C, like a human jumping into a glacial stream on a summer day.
The sharks swam with this sensor pack for 23 days, after which it detached and bobbed up to the surface of the ocean, where it pinged its location to scientists. Clambering onto a boat, the team jetted off in the direction of the sensors, scanning the waves for the soda can–size bundle. The strongest explanation is that the sharks were closing their gills and mouths and freediving to the ocean floor, the team concludes. This strategy would allow them to stay warm as they hunted for food. The dip in temperature during the final part of the ascent was likely due to the sharks opening their gills to breathe again as they neared comfortable surface waters. In total, sharks held their breath an average of 17 minutes per dive.
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