After nearly 13.8 billion years of nonstop expansion, the Universe could soon grind to a standstill, then slowly start to contract, new research published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests.
. If that's the case, and the force exerted by dark energy can never change, then the Universe should continue expanding forever.However, a competing theory suggests that dark energy doesn't need to be constant in order to fit with observations of past cosmic expansion.Unlike the cosmological constant, quintessence can be either repulsive or attractive, depending on the ratio of its kinetic and potential energy at a given time. Over the last 14 billions years, quintessence was repulsive.
"To their surprise, dark energy in their model can decay with time," Hinshaw said."Its strength can weaken. And if it does so in a certain way, then eventually the antigravitational property of dark energy goes away and it transitions back into something that's more like ordinary matter." Initially, the contraction of the Universe would be so slow that any hypothetical humans still alive on
How plausible is all this? Hinshaw said the new paper's interpretation of quintessence is a"perfectly reasonable supposition for what the dark energy is".
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