Lactose tolerance in adults arises from a single nucleotide changing out of the millions in our DNA. If you don't have that mutation, research shows manipulating our gut bacteria might help.
After childhood, about two-thirds of the world's human population loses the ability to digest milk. As far as we know, 100% of nonhuman mammals also lose this ability after weaning. The ongoing ability to digest lactose, the main sugar in milk, into adulthood is a biological abnormality.
Lactose cannot be directly absorbed in the intestinal tract and must, instead, be broken down into its two smaller component sugars by an enzyme called lactase. Normally, the activity of the gene that produces lactase, LCT, declines after infancy. New evidence suggests that this decline occurs not because the genetic code is changed, but because the DNA is chemically modified so that the lactase gene is switched off.
Ingesting lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic can alleviate the symptoms of lactose intolerance, but these bacteria may not persist in the colon. A promising new strategy is to"feed" the lactic acid bacteria a complex sugar that they can digest but humans cannot. In initial clinical trials, subjects using this"prebiotic" reported improved lactose tolerance and had a corresponding shift in their intestinal microbiome. Larger clinical trials are in progress.
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