Corrugated iron enabled the first mass production of prefabricated buildings—introducing the flat-packable concept a century before IKEA
Rusted corrugated iron melds with autumn’s russet colours, just as the corrugated roofs of nearby barns sit comfortably in Dartmoor’s weather-worn landscape. For decades, corrugated iron has been used by farmers for lambing sheds, shepherds’ huts, shelter for farm machinery and much more.
Spencer had stumbled upon how a linear pattern of ridges and furrows renders a sheet stiffer perpendicular to the axis of the corrugation. The scientific explanation for this lies in the, to laymen, nearly inscrutable of Carl Friedrich Gauss, published in 1827 and concerning the curvature of surfaces. More intuitively, consider a common pizza-eating strategy: gently bending your slice before bringing it to your mouth obviates the risk of buckling and consequent mess.
Palmer’s large-span roofs found ready use on naval slipways, where ships had hitherto been constructed in the open. Corrugated iron also enabled the grand new termini of the burgeoning railways. None was more impressive than Paddington station, built in 1854 by Isambard Kingdom Brunel. It remains unchanged, in essence, even today.
Queen Victoria’s consort, Prince Albert, was the exhibition’s chief patron. Among all the exhibits, homely Albert was struck most by an emigrant’s corrugated-iron cottage. He ordered something similar for Balmoral, the royal residence in Scotland. Just weeks later it had been fabricated, shipped and erected. Today, it serves the estate as a carpenter's shop.
Churches for export also primed a new domestic market for corrugated churches, chapels and mission halls. These are Britain’s “tin tabernacles”. The radical structures were the antithesis of the medieval stone parish churches that till then had embodied religion, the English landscape and a paternalistic social order.Two broad forces were at work. The first was a population on the move, a consequence of an intense period of population growth and industrialisation.
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