The absence of a lower leg from a set of ancient remains reveals that the oldest limb removal occurred on the island of Borneo 31,000 years ago.
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But, predating the transition to agriculture by around 20,000 years, this 31,000-year-old body disputes tradition. It suggests that the ancient peoples of Borneo acquired advanced medical skills in the midst of the Pleistocene, many years ahead of time. However, most intriguing about the skeleton was not what was present, but what was absent. Lacking the lower third of its left leg, the body's tibia and fibula bones stopped abruptly in a cut much cleaner that what an accident or an animal attack could cause. They also featured no signs of infection, suggesting that the cut stayed clean in the aftermath of the procedure.
By all indications, the surgeons followed through with this nursing and care, since the remains indicate that the amputation occurred in the individual’s childhood, allowing them six to nine more years of life following the procedure.
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