The brain structure of superagers: identifying demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with their phenotype LancetLongevity superagers phenotype genotype clinical research health
By Hugo Francisco de SouzaJul 19 2023Reviewed by Lily Ramsey, LLM In a recent study published in The Lancet Journal, researchers used machine learning models to assess the physical and primarily mental performance of superagers compared to typical age-matched elderly.
Superagers 'Superagers' is a term sometimes applied to older adults who resist age-associated memory decline much better than normal people of the same age. However, these studies were cross-sectional and had small sample sizes, making long-standing comparisons between superagers and typical adults difficult.
To test the above, researchers selected participants from the Vallecas Project, a cohort of White elderly devoid of neurological disorders, based in Madrid, Spain. Screening involved participants meeting all five study criteria – age above 79.5 years, MRI data availability, cognition, episodic memory function, and episodic memory stability.
In contrast to prior research, no differences were found in the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele between cohorts. The ε4 allele has been linked to an increased risk of non-familial Alzheimer's disease and was thought to be underexpressed or downregulated in superagers, which these results disprove. "Superagers had greater grey matter volume than did typical older adults in the bilateral thalamus, basal forebrain, angular gyrus, and regions within the medial temporal lobe, including bilateral effects on grey matter volume in the hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus."
Superager scored lower on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Geriatric Depression Scale than the typical cohort, supported by self-reports of better mental health, improved sleep duration, and a lower likelihood of hypertension.
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