In a last-ditch effort to prevent Southern states from seceding, Congress passed a constitutional amendment to maintain slavery in states where it already existed.
Widmer noted that Lincoln’s view had always been that the Constitution protected slavery where it existed, but he objected vehemently to its expansion across the Mississippi River, into the territories.
It was known as the Corwin Amendment, for its House sponsor, Rep. Thomas Corwin , a former U.S. Treasury secretary who chaired a House committee that was trying to find a compromise between the North and South in the months before the Civil War. When Lincoln mentioned the amendment in his inaugural speech, he was keen on keeping as many border states in the Union as possible, said Widmer.
“The Southern states didn't believe the North would abide by the amendment,” said Mary Frances Berry, a history professor at the University of Pennsylvania and author of “Widmer said some Southerners opposed secession, and the amendment might have appealed to them.
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