A research team has published a review paper summarizing the recent progress in methane conversion using photocatalysis. Photocatalysis, the process of using light to accelerate a chemical reaction, offers a promising and green technology for methane conversion to high-value fuels and chemicals. In their paper, the team details the advances using photocatalysts for methane conversion and outlines the challenges that remain.
Over a 100-year period, methane warms the Earth at least 25 times as much as the equivalent mass of carbon dioxide. In industry, methane is widely used as a feedstock, producing chemicals, fertilizer, and hydrogen. In 2021, industry in U.S. used about 33 percent of the total natural gas. Natural gas is also the energy source for about 33 percent of U.S. industry.
Unlike thermal catalysis, which involves high-reaction temperatures, greater than 400 °C, or expensive oxidants, photocatalysis uses sunlight or artificial light sources as the only energy input. Photocatalysis can selectively oxidize methane to Chydrocarbons or oxygenates using low-cost, environmentally friendly oxidants, such as water and oxygen at low temperatures.
Looking ahead, the team will focus their efforts on increasing the methane conversion rate and converting methane into more valuable products by designing highly efficient photocatalysts with active reaction sites, as well as optimizing the reaction system."Our ultimate goal is to produce the seven most basic chemicals by photocatalytic methane conversion," said Tang.
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