According to researchers at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, new understandings of 'space waves' could lead to more precise space weather forecasts and safer navigation for satellites navigating through radiation belts. The group's recent findings, published in the journal Nature Communicati
When solar wind hits the magnetosphere, it creates breaking waves known to scientists as Kelvin-Helmholtz waves. This wave activity is seasonal, researchers found; it increases around the spring and fall seasons and decreases around summer and winter . Credit: S. Kavosi and H. Nykyri / Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, new understandings of “space waves” could lead to more precise space weather forecasts and safer navigation for satellites navigating through radiation belts.
Fast-moving solar wind can’t pass directly through the Earth’s magnetic shield, so it thunders along the magnetosphere, propelling Kelvin-Helmholtz waves with massive peaks up to 15,000 kilometers high and 40,000 km long.“Through these waves, solar wind plasma particles can propagate into the magnetosphere, leading to variations in radiation belt fluxes of energetic particles—regions of dangerous radiation—that may affect astronaut safety and satellite communications,” said Dr.
In trying to understand the causes of seasonal and diurnal variations of geomagnetic activity, researchers in the field have set forth several different hypotheses. For example, the Russell-McPherron effect, first described in 1973, explains why auroras are more frequent and brighter in the spring and fall, based on the interplay of the Earth’s dipole tilt and a small magnetic field near the Sun’s equator.
In the future, Nykyri added, constellations of spacecraft in the solar wind and magnetosphere could more fully explain the complicated, multi-scale physics of space weather phenomena. “Such a system would allow advanced warnings of space weather to inform the operators of rocket launches and electrical power grids,” she said.
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