Senescent cells unlock the secret to luscious hair growth SenescentCells HairGrowth Regenerative Nevus Melanocytes StemCellActivation Osteopontin TissueRenewal HairRenewal RegenerativeDisorders Scient Nature
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDJun 25 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. Stem cells are totipotent and can remain dormant or become active to regenerate cells of a specific tissue. Either of these actions is the result of niche signals. In melanocytes, such niche signals may be altered to direct stem cells in the hair follicles of the skin into a hyperactive state, causing hair to grow in excess.
Stem cells can be found in various areas of the skin, including hair follicles. Here, hair stem cells exhibit cyclic shedding and hair growth, which is initiated by the cyclic renewal of progenitors in the follicle. The end of this process is a circumscribed lesion with relatively higher numbers of senescent melanocytes. These cells exhibit a distinct pattern of secretion forming the senescence-associated secretory phenotype , which includes a number of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors that are key to normal developmental pathways, repair processes, cellular reprogramming, and tumor progression.
Melanocytes in a nevus secreted a unique set of factors that included higher-than-expected levels of signaling factors. The main component of this change in the secretome was a marked rise in osteopontin production in clusters of dermal melanocytes associated with the nevus. Osteopontin is required for hair growth and induces this process, even in the absence of other factors, both in pigmented hairy nevi and during wound healing.
Hairy nevi in humans were found to overexpress osteopontin, thus leading to the formation of new hair follicles and hair growth activation.
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