Researchers at Vienna University of Technology have discovered why sometimes spectacular micro-explosions occur and other times ultra-thin layers of material remain almost intact when charged particles are shot through them. It may seem like magic that some materials can withstand being shot thro
Scientists have developed a model that allows for the accurate prediction of hole formation based on the electron mobility of the material and the charge state of the projectile. This model enables a better understanding of the conditions under which holes will form and those in which they will not.
The model developed at the Vienna University of Technology explains why tiny holes – only a few nanometers in size – are formed in some two-dimensional materials when they are bombarded with highly charged ions, but not in others. The effect of nano-hole formation can be exploited to produce novel sieves for certain molecules.
“This results in completely different effects depending on the material,” says Anna Niggas, an experimental physicist at the Institute of Applied Physics “Sometimes the projectile penetrates the material layer without any noticeable change in the material as a result. Sometimes the material layer around the impact site is also completely destroyed, numerous atoms are dislodged and a hole with a diameter of a few nanometers is formed.
“We have now been able to develop a model that allows us to estimate very well in which situations holes are formed and in which they are not – and this depends on the electron mobility in the material and the charge state of the projectile,” says Alexander Sagar Grossek, first author of the publication in the journalThe model also explains the surprising fact that the atoms knocked out of the material move relatively slowly: The high speed of the projectile does not matter to them; they are...
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