If greenhouse gas emissions are not curbed, temperature spikes could bring the first such mass extinction in 250 million years
Earth has endured at least five global extinction events since the first signs of life appeared. And it may be teetering on the edge of another one in the oceans.
An extreme future climate scenario—assuming as much as 5 degrees Celsius of warming by the end of the century—would trigger a mass extinction within the next 300 years. The event could rival the “Great Dying” that occurred at the end of the Permian Period 250 million years ago, in which around 90 percent of ocean life is believed to have vanished.
But these outcomes could be avoided, scientists emphasized. If the world acts swiftly on climate change and keeps warming below 2 degrees Celsius, it could reduce extinction risks by more than 70 percent. Most marine species can only tolerate a particular envelope of environmental conditions. They need a certain amount of oxygen in the water and a specific range of temperatures to survive. Outside this envelope, they start to die off.
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