Scientists from Skoltech and research centers in Sweden and Switzerland have presented results that explain the mechanism of interaction between bacteria and phages—viruses that infect bacterial cells. The discovery is an important step on the way to developing new ways to fight infections. The study is published in the journalCell Reports.
, have a natural origin, and can be found wherever there is life and bacteria. Phages had been studied more than 100 years ago, but when antibiotics were discovered, research interest declined.
"Molecular mechanisms for most of those systems have not been uncovered yet, so one of the ways to learn how microbial immunity works is to find out how viruses managed to overcome the defense. The interaction between viruses and bacteria can be described as an arms race: when bacteria acquire a new defense strategy, it exerts great pressure on the opposing side—"It initiates a new stage of bacterial adaptation, and such intense competition leads to a wide variety of antiviral systems.
"SAM is used as a donor of methyl groups, which can regulate the expression of genes. In the case of the BREX system, a methyl group also serves as a label, which allows bacteria to distinguish between their own DNA and the non-methylated DNA of the virus.
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