AMOLF researchers discovered that stem cells first specialize into a functional cell and then move to their proper location—rather than the other way around.
Researchers at AMOLF, Amsterdam, and the Hubrecht institute, Utrecht, revealed a new model to show how
"From previous research we know that stem cells reside in the valleys of the intestinal wall , while most specialized and functional cells are located at the top of the mountains ," say Sander Tans and Jeroen van Zon, who directed the research jointly at AMOLF.are renewed about every week, using the stem cells in the crypts that grow, divide and migrate to the villi. We used to think that by moving upwards to the villus, the stem cells are instructed to become a functional cell.
The researchers added a step to this technique that led to surprising insights. Zheng states,"The identity of the cells is determined by certain proteins. But one cannot visualize all relevant proteins during the growth process. So instead, after taking the movie I used fluorescent and dyed antibodies that specifically bind these proteins, to visualize the identity of the cells.
This new type of data showed that stem cells adopted their functional identity much earlier than previously thought. They did so when still deep inside the crypt, before migrating towards the villus region that was thought to provide the trigger to start the specialization process.Based on these cellular family tree experiments, Zheng formulated a new model for how intestinal stem cells specialize, which the researchers call the"commit-then-sort" model.
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