City-dwellers are reluctant to share their superior schools and hospitals with people they regard as lower-class outsiders
, a system devised in the 1950s to keep farmers in their villages. The Communist Party acknowledges’s unfairness to a large share of China’s population, but despite numerous tweaks, its malign effects persist . Chinese officials may struggle to justify giving citizens different rights according to their place of origin, but they fret that equalising benefits would be colossally expensive.
Official reports are vague about how many cities with populations under 3m have already abolished their restrictions on obtaining local, a state-run newspaper, said an “overwhelming majority” had done so. That may sound like huge progress. There are more than 600 such cities in China. Only about 30 are bigger, including Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan province in central China.
Local governments have little incentive to offer full social benefits to the poorest of migrants. But their revenues rely heavily on the property market. With the market now slumping, they are keen to attract migrants with stable jobs who are likely to be higher earners and therefore potential homebuyers. Zhengzhou has been struggling since early this year to boost demand for housing, by making it easier to get mortgages and for migrants to buy flats.
The new plans still express anxiety about the “over-rapid” growth of the biggest cities and do not call for the scrapping of theirrestrictions. The central government clearly sees the points system as a way of allowing them to suck in talent while erecting barriers that make it difficult for those without sufficient points to use local public services.
For young migrants, lack of access to free schooling for their children is a big concern. If they cannot enroll them in state schools, they have little choice but to send them to private ones for migrants that are costly and often shoddy—or else leave their children at home in the countryside . China’s migrant population is ageing, however.
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