Metformin, a first-line diabetes drug used for decades, may boost the risk of birth defects in the offspring of men who took it during sperm development, according to a large Danish study.
Sons born to those men were more than three times as likely to have a genital birth defect as unexposed babies, according to the paper, published in theThe genital defects, such as hypospadias, when the urethra does not exit from the tip of the penis, were relatively rare, occurring in 0.9% of all babies whose biological fathers took metformin in the 3 months before conception.
However, Buck Louis and every other scientist interviewed for this article stressed that the paper’s findings are preliminary and observational and need to be corroborated; they add that factors besides metformin may have influenced the findings. The scientists cautioned men with diabetes against abruptly stopping metformin before trying to conceive.
The numbers were small—13 metformin-exposed boys were born with genital defects. But after the researchers adjusted for factors including parental ages and maternal smoking status, they found a 3.39-fold rise in the odds of a genital defect. “The rate per se was surprisingly high,” Wensink says.
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