Although racism is almost universally condemned across the political spectrum, the racism definition and what exactly constitutes racism or merits the label of “racist” is not so clear. What these words actually mean is the subject of ongoing, often heated disagreement among people of different political persuasions. Conservatives generally define racism as either an endorsement of one’s own racial group’s superiority, another racial group’s inferiority, or harmful behavior directed at someone specifically because of their race. Thus racism, for conservatives, is primarily about what lies in one’s heart. Conservatives often require a higher standard of proof before charging someone or something as 'racist,' requiring explicit evidence rather than implicit assumptions. From this point of view, only someone who has acted out of overt and conscious prejudice towards members of a different racial group can be legitimately identified as “racist.” There is frequent frustration among conservatives about how both (inadvertent) interpersonal encounters and structural inequality are labeled “racist” by left-wingers, despite no explicit evidence of underlying hostility or negative bias. Over recent decades, left-wing academics and cultural commentators have advanced a broader 'racism' definition that goes beyond conscious intent and encompasses unconscious bias, or unconscious ways people and institutions may reflect underlying, subconscious bias and hostility. From this perspective, centuries of racial inequity have left unacknowledged, implicit habits that are not only unintentional, but may not even be in our awareness. Such habits and cognitions are sometimes referred to as “racial bias” or “implicit bias” rather than “racism,” but even then they are generally viewed by liberals as part of the racist ideology that pervades American society. Liberals hold the perspective that many fundamental societal structures are built on systemic racism, meaning some groups have more po
Although racism is almost universally condemned across the political spectrum, the racism definition and what exactly constitutes racism or merits the label of “racist” is not so clear. What these words actually mean is the subject of ongoing, often heated disagreement among people of different political persuasions.
From this perspective, liberals define racism as linked to power and often hold the view that disadvantaged groups cannot be racist toward groups that have power. Conservatives generally disagree with that. For example, they would argue that views about another race's inferiority coming from one racial group toward another can be labeled as"racist" whether or not the targeted race is the majority or the minority in that country.
Progressive academics and activists also draw a distinction between interpersonal bias and “institutional racism.” The latter is defined as a set of policies which maintain racial inequalities. According to this perspective, even policies that are written in race-neutral language can be categorized as “institutional racism." For example, the system of funding schools primarily through property taxes is ostensibly race-neutral.
Further, the debate over the"racism" definition lead some media members to say that journalists should avoid editorializing with the use of the word"racist" on news pages and in headlines, while others defended the decision to use the word, saying it was not editorializing but rather, an objective descriptor.
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