A unique subset of white blood cells confers fast-acting and lasting protection against ischemic stroke in mice. An ischemic stroke is when blood clots or other particles block the blood vessels to the brain. This finding by University of Pittsburgh neurologists and immunologists was reported today
A novel subset of CD8+ regulatory-like T cells, or CD8+TRLs, were identified in the study as “first responders” to stroke. Attracted to the site of ischemic injury by a unique “homing” signal released by dying brain cells, CD8+TRLs reach the brain within 24 hours after stroke onset. Once there they release molecules that provide direct neuroprotective effects, as well as limit inflammation and secondary brain damage.
CD8+TRLs from the bloodstream of stroke mice, the size of the brain region affected by ischemia expanded by 50% compared to animals whose CD8+TRL levels remained intact . Credit: Adapted from Cai and Shi et al., 2022 Stroke affects 800,000 Americans yearly, but only a quarter of those patients will be eligible to receive one of only two Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments: An injection of a blood clot-busting enzyme called tPA or mechanical thrombectomy, a surgical procedure that removes the blood clot in the brain with a stent retriever.
Even more reassuringly, mice who received a transfusion of purified CD8+TRLs prepared in the lab fared better and recovered faster than those who were untreated for over five weeks. These unique CD8+TRLs, therefore, serve as early responders to rally defenses after stroke and may collaborate with other immune cells to safeguard the brain for a long time.
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