A new material class with above-average conductivity could lead to the development of high-performance solid-state batteries.
A research team at the Technical University of Munich has discovered a material class with above-average conductivity, which could lead to the development of high-performance solid-state batteries.contain no liquid, in contrast to traditional rechargeable batteries in which lithium ions move through a liquid electrolyte from the anode to the cathode and back again. The electrolyte in solid-state batteries is a solid substance which can neither leak nor burn.
Within a very short period of time, the chemists successfully created about a dozen new, related compounds that contain, for example, silicon or tin instead of aluminum. This broad new material basis makes it possible to quickly optimize material properties. To figure out why these elements are such good ion conductors, Fässler and his colleagues resorted to neutron beams to observe the processes that take place inside their crystals.
“The neutrons we have from the research reactor make it possible to find even the lightest of atoms. This is because the neutrons interact with the nuclei of the atoms and not with the atomic shell, as is the case with X-ray radiation,” Anatoliy Senyshyn, who supervises the powder diffractometer at the Research Neutron Source Heinz Maier-Leibnitz, which was used to analyze the new electrolyte material, said.
In the new substance class, these free spaces are arranged in such a way that the ions can move equally well in all directions. This is a result of the high degree of symmetry found in the crystals and is probably the cause of the superionic lithium conductivity, which the TUM team has now been able to observe.. “Our basic research has the potential to accelerate the development of higher-performance batteries,” Fässler said.
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