Paul M. Sutter is a research professor in astrophysics at SUNY Stony Brook University and the Flatiron Institute in New York City. He regularly appears on TV and podcasts, including 'Ask a Spaceman.' He is the author of two books, 'Your Place in the Universe' and 'How to Die in Space,' and is a regular contributor to Space.com, Live Science, and more. Paul received his PhD in Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2011, and spent three years at the Paris Institute of Astrophysics, followed by a research fellowship in Trieste, Italy.
The universe may contain extremely dense and exotic hypothetical cosmic objects known as strange quark stars. While astrophysicists continue to debate quark stars' existence, a team of physicists has found that the remnant of a neutron star merger observed in 2019 has just the right mass to be one of these strange quark stars.
There are six kinds, or"flavors," of quarks: up, down, top, bottom, strange and charm. A neutron is composed of two down quarks and one up quark. If you squish too many atoms together, they revert to a giant ball of neutrons. So, if you squish too many neutrons together, do they revert to a giant ball of quarks?
But there might be a path using strange quarks. By themselves, strange quarks are pretty heavy, and when they're left alone, they rapidly decay into the lighter up and down quarks. When large numbers of quarks group together, however, the physics may change. Physicists have found that strange quarks can bind with up and down quarks to form triplets, known as"strangelets," that might be stable — but only under extreme pressures. Like the pressures one step above a neutron star.
But recently, a team of astronomers looked at GW190425, a gravitational wave event triggered by the merger of two neutron stars observed in 2019. Along with tremendous amounts of gravitational waves, merging neutron stars produce a kilonova, an explosion that's more powerful than a regular nova but weaker than a supernova.
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Strange quark star may have formed from a lucky cosmic mergerPaul M. Sutter is an astrophysicist at SUNY Stony Brook and the Flatiron Institute in New York City. Paul received his PhD in Physics from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2011, and spent three years at the Paris Institute of Astrophysics, followed by a research fellowship in Trieste, Italy, His research focuses on many diverse topics, from the emptiest regions of the universe to the earliest moments of the Big Bang to the hunt for the first stars. As an 'Agent to the Stars,' Paul has passionately engaged the public in science outreach for several years. He is the host of the popular 'Ask a Spaceman!' podcast, author of 'Your Place in the Universe' and 'How to Die in Space' and he frequently appears on TV — including on The Weather Channel, for which he serves as Official Space Specialist.
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