The ice giant's atmosphere is even chillier than we thought.
which means that it has four seasons. Since it’s much further from the sun, Neptune takes longer to make a complete orbit—about 165 Earth years. This also means a season on Neptune is much slower—imagine experiencing winter for more than 40 Earth years. But the research team from University of Leicester and NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory observed the chill trend between 2003 and 2018, which is a surprisingly quick temperature change given Neptune’s long seasons.
“This change was unexpected,” Michael Roman, a researcher at the University of Leicester and lead author of the paper, said in. “Since we have been observing Neptune during its early southern summer, we would expect temperatures to be slowly growing warmer, not colder.” Observed changes in Neptune’s thermal-infrared brightness, a measure of temperature in Neptune’s atmosphere. The plot shows the relative change in the thermal-infrared brightness from Neptune’s stratosphere with time for all existing images taken by ground-based telescopes. Brighter images are interpreted as warmer. The south pole appears to have become dramatically warmer in just the past few years.
The data collected in different pockets of the planet also hints that temperatures can drastically fluctuate. The south pole, for instance, instead experienced a warming period in the stratosphere by about 11 degrees Celsius, or 20 degrees Fahrenheit, between 2018 and 2020. This level of polar warming has never been observed on Neptune before, the researchers note.
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