A new nasally administered Covid-19 vaccine shows greater promise in protecting patients from both Omicron infection and disease progression than traditional vaccines.
... [+]A new nasally administered Covid-19 vaccine shows greater promise in protecting patients from both Omicron infection and disease progression than traditional vaccines used throughout the pandemic. A defining feature of the Covid pandemic is the ongoing mutation of the virus to avoid our medical interventions. We may develop a drug or vaccine that neutralizes X version of the virus, but then it mutates to Y version and escapes neutralization.
One method of vaccine that has never been explored, however, was nasally administered mucosal respiratory vaccines. Omicron, especially later variants such as BA.4 and BA.5, is known to have higher concentrations of the virus in the lungs, meaning that a nasal vaccine could yield stronger protection.
Over a two-month span in 2022, over 10,000 patients received the nasal booster. Of these, 210 were monitored for immunogenicity follow-ups as compared to 210 who received a control of inactivated virus booster. While antibody responses are much higher in the nasal vaccine group, this does not mean that infections are completely prevented. Only 35.1% were protected from infection at their 12-month follow-up. The primary outcome of Covid vaccines is not to prevent infection, but to prevent progression to severe disease. In this realm, the nasal vaccine is very successful, limiting infected patients to only mild symptoms 98.1% of the time.
Considering the 32-fold increase in patients with anti-BA.4/5 antibody responses and six-fold increase in average titer, the odd cough and sneeze seems a fair trade.
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