NASA's adventurous Parker Solar Probe spacecraft zipped past the sun again
aboard a Delta IV-Heavy rocket from Cape Canaveral, in August 2018. During coming flybys, the spacecraft will advance on the sun, eventually passing as close as 3.8 million miles from our star's surface. Seven times closer to the sun than any previous craft and almost 10 times closer to the sun than the innermost planet,, this will see the Parker Solar Probe encounter temperatures as great as 2,500 degrees Fahrenheit .
To withstand these extreme conditions, the spacecraft is equipped with a 4.5-inch-thick carbon-composite shield that keeps its scientific payload at room temperature. One of the Parker Solar Probe's primary objectives is to study the corona, the outermost layer of the, collecting data that could help solve one of the most long-standing mysteries regarding the sun: Why is its atmosphere hotter than its surface?
Theories of stellar physics suggest that deeper into the plasma of a star, the pressure increases and the star becomes hotter. The corona defies this wisdom, however. Despite being wispy and diffuse, the plasma in this layer is hotter than the plasma at the sun's surface, the photosphere that lies beneath the corona.
The corona is difficult to study from Earth because the light it emits is washed out by the much brighter light from the photosphere, meaning the corona is only visible during a total
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