The role of the human yolk sac in supporting early embryonic development and the first wave of the prenatal immune system has been mapped in a study published today (17 August) in Science.
Multiorgan functions of the human YS. We characterized functions of the developing human YS, combining scRNA-seq and CITE-seq with 2D and 3D imaging techniques. Our findings revealed YS contributions to metabolic and nutritional support and to early hematopoiesis. We characterized myeloid bias in early hematopoiesis, distinct myeloid differentiation trajectories, evolutionary divergence in initial erythropoiesis, and YS contributions to developing tissue macrophages. Met., metabolic; Coag.
The work presented today also uncovers a major finding—a new, accelerated way of producing macrophages very early in development. Researchers mapped how the first blood-producingemerge from blood vessel linings of the yolk sac. These stem cells produce different types of blood and immune cells in waves in the yolk sac and also make specialized immune cells called macrophages in an entirely different way from how they are made in adult life.
"This is the first time that the yolk sac has been profiled at a single cell level, giving us an incredible amount of information on how this primary organ works in the first stages of human development. It has given us novel insights into the earliest blood and immune cells we make, building on the work uncovered in previous studies from the Human Cell Atlas. We did not know that the yolk sac had these functions until now," says Issac Goh.
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