The study of how individual stars are born and die in galaxies, how new stars are born from remnants of old stars, and how galaxies themselves grow are important themes in astronomy, as they provide insight into our roots in the universe. Galaxy clusters, one of the largest structures in the universe, are the assembly of more than 100 galaxies which are bound together through mutual gravitational force.
The protocluster A2744z7p9OD had been announced as the most distant proto-cluster at 13.14 billion light-years away based on observations with JWST by another research group."However, we have not been able to observe the entire core region, the metropolitan area, with the largest number of galaxy candidates in this protocluster. It was unclear whether the environmental effects of galaxies had begun in this protocluster.
The background color image shows a map of the light intensity in the core region of the protogalactic cluster A2744ODz7p9, acquired with the NIRCam onboard JWST. The size of the image corresponds to about half of the radius of the Milky Way Galaxy. Contours show the distribution of light emitted by ionized oxygen, obtained with the NIRSpec instrument onboard JWST. 4 galaxies were identified at 13.14 billion light-years away.
This is the first detection of dust emission in member galaxies of a protocluster this far back in time. Cosmic dust in galaxies is thought to be supplied by supernova explosions at the end of the evolution of massive stars in the galaxies, which provide the material for new stars. Furthermore, the research team conducted a galaxy formation simulation to theoretically test how the four galaxies in the core region formed and evolved. The results showed that a region of dense gas particles existed around 680 million years after the Big Bang. In the middle four galaxies are formed, similar to the observed core region.
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