Io is Having a Major Volcanic Outburst - by ScottyJ_PhD
These extreme volcanic conditions affect more than just the moon’s surface. Io surface gravity is low enough that some of the gasses and light materials from Io’s volcanoes can escape into orbit around Jupiter. Largely consisting of ionized sulfur, this material forms a donut-shaped ring around Jupiter known as the Io plasma torus.Usually, the torus brightens at the same time that Io experiences a burst of eruptions.
To know for sure, we’d need measurements of the region in-situ. Luckily, NASA’s Juno probe passed through the area in mid-December,on December 14th. Juno has instruments on board capable of characterizing the radiation environment within the torus, and Morgenthaler hopes that data from the flyby will reveal whether there was something different about the composition of this outburst as compared to previous ones. Juno’s Io flyby data is still being downloaded and processed.
Image of Io, taken on December 14, 2022 by the Juno spacecraft from 64,000 km away: Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/SwRI/MSSS. IoIO is a small telescope, and from Earth, it can only see the torus by filtering out light from Jupiter, which is bright enough that it would normally drown out the comparatively dim torus. IoIO uses a coronagraph to ensure that the telescope isn’t blinded by the gas giant’s glow.
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