Intranasal mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccines elicit significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamsters biorxivpreprint moderna_tx mRNA LipidNanoparticle NanoparticleVaccine SARSCoV2 COVID19 Vaccine HamsterModel
By Dr. Chinta SidharthanJan 16 2023Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* preprint server, researchers from the United States evaluated the efficacy and immunogenicity of an intranasal messenger ribonucleic acid -lipid nanoparticle vaccine against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 using a hamster model.
The current respiratory disease vaccines are administered through the intramuscular route, which largely induces systemic immunity and a lower level of mucosal immunity. Since most respiratory viruses enter through the mucosal route, intranasally administered vaccines that induce localized mucosal immunity and systemic immunity present the advantage of targeting the viruses at the site of entry, establishing protection, and limiting the infection early.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the binding antibody levels of spike-specific serum immunoglobulin G or IgA. In contrast, the plaque reduction neutralization test was used to measure the serum-neutralizing antibody titers to evaluate the immunogenicity of the vaccine. Results The results indicated that the SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG antibodies and the neutralizing antibody levels induced by the mRNA-LNP intranasal vaccine were comparable to those induced by the intramuscular vaccine. The antibody titers elicited by the mRNA-LNP2 vaccine were significantly higher than those induced by the mRNA-LNP1 vaccine. Furthermore, the IgA titers elicited by the mRNA-LNP2 vaccine at 25 μg dosage were higher than those induced by the intramuscular vaccine at 0.
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