Scientists have unlocked one of the biggest mysteries of quasars – the brightest, most powerful objects in the Universe – by discovering that they are ignited by galaxies colliding. First discovered 60 years ago, quasars can shine as brightly as a trillion stars packed into a volume the size of
Illustration of a quasar and galaxy surrounding the quasar. Quasars, the Universe’s brightest and most powerful objects, are ignited by galaxy collisions, according to research by scientists at the Universities of Sheffield and Hertfordshire. This discovery provides crucial insights into understanding how quasars are triggered and fueled, contributing to our knowledge of the Universe’s history and the future of the Milky Way.
By observing 48 galaxies that host quasars and comparing them to over 100 non-quasar galaxies, scientists discovered that the phenomenon is ignited by galaxies colliding Most galaxies have supermassive black holes at their centers. They also contain substantial amounts of gas – but most of the time this gas is orbiting at large distances from the galaxy centers, out of reach of the black holes. Collisions between galaxies drive the gas towards the black hole at the galaxy center; just before the gas is consumed by the black hole, it releases extraordinary amounts of energy in the form of radiation, resulting in the characteristic quasar brilliance.
The study has provided a significant step forward in our understanding of how these powerful objects are triggered and fueled.
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