Scientists have devised a new model for studying disorders like autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. It uses clusters of human brain cells grown inside the brain of a rat.
, director of life sciences at the Museum of Science in Boston and an affiliate of the Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics.
"No matter how long we keep them in a dish, they still do not become as complex as human neurons would be in an actual human brain," Pasca says. That may be one reason organoids have yet to reveal much about the origins of complex neuropsychiatric disorders, he says. The transplanted cells don't seem to cause problems for the rats, who behave normally as they grow, Pasca says."The rat tissue is just pushed aside," he says."But now you also have a group of human cells that are integrating into the circuitry."
In a final experiment, Pasca's team set out to show how transplanted organoids could help identify the brain changes associated with a specific human disorder. They chose, a very rare genetic disorder that affects brain development in ways that can cause symptoms of autism spectrum disorder. The key seems to be providing the transplanted organoids with sensory information that they don't get growing in a dish, she says, noting that an infant's brain needs this sort of stimulation to develop normally.
"We need to be able to watch it, consider it, discuss it and stop it if we think one day we are at the point where we shouldn't progress," she says."I think we are far, far away from that point right now."
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