Practically no AI experts think today’s models might actually become sentient. But there are growing concerns about models that can do things their creators did not foresee
And though they have no monopoly on algorithmic bias, the amount of internet data they ingest can give foundation models misleading and unsavoury hang-ups. When given a prompt in which Muslims are doing something,-3 is much more likely to take the narrative in a violent direction than it is if the prompt refers to adherents of another faith . Terrible in any model. Worse in models aimed at becoming foundations for lots of other things.
Model-makers are developing various techniques to keep their ais from going toxic or off the rails, ranging from better curation of training data to “red teams” that try to make them misbehave. Many also limit access to the full power of the models. Open-3 and then feeds those ratings back into the model, something called “reinforcement learning with human feedback”.
Erik Brynjolfsson, an economist at Stanford, worries that an obsession with scale and person-like abilities will push societies into what he calls a “Turing trap”. He argues in a recent essay that this focus lends itself to the automation of human activities using brute computational force when alternative approaches could focus on augmenting what people do.
Some concentration is already evident: witness the roles played by Google and Microsoft both as developers of models and as owners of capacious clouds in which those and other models can run. No one can build a foundation model in a garage. Graphcore wants to sell Good computers for more than $100m. Somewhat self-servingly, Nvidia executives are already talking about models that will cost $1bn to train.
National interests may drive centralisation, too—up to a point. Experts say that China’s best foundation model is one which its Sesame Street-smart creators at Baidu have contrived to name Enhanced Representation through kNowledge IntEgration, or. But it is Wu Dao which is being treated as a national champion. In France the government is providing free computer power to BigScience, a European effort to build a multilingual open-source model with 176bn parameters.
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