Over the past few years, Beijing has invested heavily in Iraq as the world’s second-largest economy seeks to become a major power-broker in the strategic region.
In November last year, PetroChina took over operations of the Qurna 1 oil field from US-based Exxon in a major shake-up in Iraq's energy sector. / Photo: Essam Al Sudani / Reuters Archive
China's oil imports from the Middle East have not been limited to unilateral trade, and it has compensated a significant part of its expenses by exporting weapons, technology, labour and other products to the region or by carrying out joint investment projects in various industries. China's prioritisation of economic preferences does not imply neglect of its security and military dimensions. What is crucial for China is not to portray itself as a superpower with global responsibilities but rather to present itself as a country capable of fostering sustainable relations with various nations.
The most significant buyers of Chinese weapons in the region include the United Arab Emirates, Iraq, and Egypt. In recent years, countries such as Algeria, Iran, and Saudi Arabia have also increased procurement of Chinese arms. China is known to have made investments in 92 ports worldwide, including Djibouti, Hambantota in Sri Lanka, Gwadar in Pakistan, and Sao Tome and Principe in the. Ranking second globally in terms of energy consumption, China places particular emphasis on its relations with Middle Eastern countries to sustain its economic growth and industrial development.research by Fudan University in China
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