Health of mothers, fetuses, and children are all affected by the maternal environment Children Childhood Obesity Diabetes DiabetesMellitus Genetic Gestational ImmuneResponse Maternal Smoking Medicine Nutrition Obesity Pregnancy BMCMedicine
Study: Maternal factors during pregnancy influencing maternal, fetal, and childhood outcomes. Image Credit: Marc Roura / Shutterstock
Preterm birth The authors examined the underlying mechanisms of preterm birth and evaluated studies on potential biomarkers and preterm birth risk factors, including polycystic ovary syndrome . Preterm birth was also seen to be associated with PCOS. Characterized by ovarian cysts, androgen excess, and infrequent or absent menstruation, PCOS is a metabolic disorder that presents a wide range of symptoms and is linked to metabolic conditions such as obesity and diabetes with progressing age.
A mother-child cohort study reported that children born to obese mothers deviated from healthy weight gain patterns in the first few months after birth and were at high risk of being overweight or obese by age five.
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Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity | NEJMOriginal Article from The New England Journal of Medicine — Once-Weekly Semaglutide in Adolescents with Obesity
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Health-related quality of life among persons with initial mild, moderate, and severe or critical COVID-19 at 1 and 12 months after infection: a prospective cohort study - BMC MedicineBackground Currently, there is limited evidence about the long-term impact on physical, social and emotional functioning, i.e. health-related quality of life (HRQL) after mild or moderate COVID-19 not requiring hospitalization. We compared HRQL among persons with initial mild, moderate or severe/critical COVID-19 at 1 and 12 months following illness onset with Dutch population norms and investigated the impact of restrictive public health control measures on HRQL. Methods RECoVERED, a prospective cohort study in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, enrolled adult participants after confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. HRQL was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36-item health survey (SF-36). SF-36 scores were converted to standard scores based on an age- and sex-matched representative reference sample of the Dutch population. Differences in HRQL over time were compared among persons with initial mild, moderate or severe/critical COVID-19 using mixed linear models adjusted for potential confounders. Results By December 2021, 349 persons were enrolled of whom 269 completed at least one SF-36 form (77%). One month after illness onset, HRQL was significantly below population norms on all SF-36 domains except general health and bodily pain among persons with mild COVID-19. After 12 months, persons with mild COVID-19 had HRQL within population norms, whereas persons with moderate or severe/critical COVID-19 had HRQL below population norms on more than half of the SF-36 domains. Dutch-origin participants had significantly better HRQL than participants with a migration background. Participants with three or more COVID-19 high-risk comorbidities had worse HRQL than part participants with fewer comorbidities. Participants who completed the SF-36 when restrictive public health control measures applied reported less limitations in social and physical functioning and less impaired mental health than participants who completed the SF-36 when no restrictive measures applied. Co
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Substance use disorders linked to poor health outcomes in wide range of physical health conditionsPeople who have a past history of hospitalization because of substance use disorders have much worse outcomes following the onset of a wide range of physical health conditions, according to researchers in the UK and Czechia.
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Ambient air pollution associated with incidence and dynamic progression of type 2 diabetes: a trajectory analysis of a population-based cohort - BMC MedicineBackground Though the association between air pollution and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been well documented, evidence on the association with development of subsequent diabetes complications and post-diabetes mortality is scarce. We investigate whether air pollution is associated with different progressions and outcomes of T2D. Methods Based on the UK Biobank, 398,993 participants free of diabetes and diabetes-related events at recruitment were included in this analysis. Exposures to particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10), PM2.5, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and NO2 for each transition stage were estimated at each participant’s residential addresses using data from the UK’s Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. The outcomes were incident T2D, diabetes complications (diabetic kidney disease, diabetic eye disease, diabetic neuropathy disease, peripheral vascular disease, cardiovascular events, and metabolic events), all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality. Multi-state model was used to analyze the impact of air pollution on different progressions of T2D. Cumulative transition probabilities of different stages of T2D under different air pollution levels were estimated. Results During the 12-year follow-up, 13,393 incident T2D patients were identified, of whom, 3791 developed diabetes complications and 1335 died. We observed that air pollution was associated with different progression stages of T2D with different magnitudes. In a multivariate model, the hazard ratios [95% confidence interval (CI)] per interquartile range elevation in PM2.5 were 1.63 (1.59, 1.67) and 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) for transitions from healthy to T2D and from T2D to complications, and 1.50 (1.47, 1.53), 1.49 (1.36, 1.64), and 1.54 (1.35, 1.76) for mortality risk from baseline, T2D, and diabetes complications, respectively. Generally, we observed stronger estimates of four air pollutants on transition from baseline to incident T2D than those on other transitions. Mo
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Environmental toxicants contribute to obesity and metabolic diseaseIn a recent study published in the Current Opinion in Pharmacology journal, researchers assessed the impact of environmental toxicants and brown adipose tissue (BAT) on obesity and metabolic disorders.
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“Giving voice to the under-served”: the coronavirus chronic conditions and disabilities awareness study - On MedicineProf. Carol Rivas, Dr Amanda Moore, Dr Kusha Anand, Dr Alison Wu and Dr Ozan Aksoy discuss the CICADA study, which aimed to understand the support experiences of people with both a chronic condition or disability and a minoritized ethnic identity in pandemic contexts, with a view to improving experiences of future care, services and resources for these under-served groups, reducing inequities and enhancing social, health and wellbeing outcomes. The study is registered at the ISRCTN registry.
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